Class 11Chemistry8-3.Organic Chemistry : Purification and characterizationPurification of Organic Compounds
DifficultExplain partition chromatography. What is partition chromatography? Describe paper chromatography.
(N/A) Partition chromatography: Partition chromatography is based on the continuous differential partitioning of components of a mixture between stationary and mobile phases. For example,paper chromatography is a type of partition chromatography.
Paper chromatography: Paper chromatography is a form of partition chromatography. $A$ special quality chromatography paper is used. In this method,a line is drawn with a pencil on the chromatography paper parallel to one edge (at a height of approximately $2 cm$ from the bottom),which is called the base line. Then,a drop of the mixture solution is applied as a small spot on this line. The spot is dried by blowing hot air over it.
After drying,the paper is placed in a closed chamber,and the edge of the filter paper is dipped into a suitable solvent (developer) for development.
Here,the solvent acts as the mobile phase and the water trapped in the cellulose fibers of the paper acts as the stationary phase. The solvent rises up the paper by capillary action and flows over the spot. The components of the mixture move upwards along with the solvent to different extents due to their different solubilities in the mobile and stationary phases,leading to their separation.
Paper chromatography: Paper chromatography is a form of partition chromatography. $A$ special quality chromatography paper is used. In this method,a line is drawn with a pencil on the chromatography paper parallel to one edge (at a height of approximately $2 cm$ from the bottom),which is called the base line. Then,a drop of the mixture solution is applied as a small spot on this line. The spot is dried by blowing hot air over it.
After drying,the paper is placed in a closed chamber,and the edge of the filter paper is dipped into a suitable solvent (developer) for development.
Here,the solvent acts as the mobile phase and the water trapped in the cellulose fibers of the paper acts as the stationary phase. The solvent rises up the paper by capillary action and flows over the spot. The components of the mixture move upwards along with the solvent to different extents due to their different solubilities in the mobile and stationary phases,leading to their separation.
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Which one of the following techniques is not used to spot components of a mixture separated on a thin layer chromatographic plate?
Two products $X$ and $Y$ are formed in the following reaction sequence: Benzene + $CH_3Cl \xrightarrow{Anhydr. AlCl_3} W \xrightarrow{dil. HNO_3/dil. H_2SO_4, warm} X + Y$. The suitable method that can be used for the separation of products $X$ and $Y$ is:
MediumNEET 2026
View SolutionWhich one of the following mixtures can be separated by steam distillation technique?
Match items of Column-$I$ and Column-$II$.
Column-$I$ (Mixture of compounds)
Column-$II$ (Separation Technique)
$A$. $H_2O / CH_2Cl_2$
$I$. Crystallization
$B$. $\alpha$-tetralone / $p$-nitrophenol
$II$. Differential solvent extraction
$C$. Kerosene / Naphthalene
$III$. Column chromatography
$D$. $C_6H_{12}O_6 / NaCl$
$IV$. Fractional Distillation
Correct match is:
| Column-$I$ (Mixture of compounds) | Column-$II$ (Separation Technique) |
|---|---|
| $A$. $H_2O / CH_2Cl_2$ | $I$. Crystallization |
| $B$. $\alpha$-tetralone / $p$-nitrophenol | $II$. Differential solvent extraction |
| $C$. Kerosene / Naphthalene | $III$. Column chromatography |
| $D$. $C_6H_{12}O_6 / NaCl$ | $IV$. Fractional Distillation |
Correct match is:
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View SolutionMatch List-$I$ with List-$II$:
List-$I$ (Separation of) List-$II$ (Separation Technique) $A$. Aniline from aniline$-water$ mixture $I$. Simple distillation $B$. Glycerol from spent$-lye$ in soap industry $II$. Fractional distillation $C$. Different fractions of crude oil in petroleum industry $III$. Distillation at reduced pressure $D$. Chloroform$-Aniline$ mixture $IV$. Steam distillation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| List-$I$ (Separation of) | List-$II$ (Separation Technique) |
|---|---|
| $A$. Aniline from aniline$-water$ mixture | $I$. Simple distillation |
| $B$. Glycerol from spent$-lye$ in soap industry | $II$. Fractional distillation |
| $C$. Different fractions of crude oil in petroleum industry | $III$. Distillation at reduced pressure |
| $D$. Chloroform$-Aniline$ mixture | $IV$. Steam distillation |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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